nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS),

159–166

normal distribution, 13, 36, 114, 353

normal QQ graph,

222–223

normalbased confidence intervals,

134

normalbased confidence limits,

134

normality assumption, 143

not rule, 31

notches, 128

NPV (negative predicted value), 187

NSAIDs (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs),

159–166

nuisance variables, 145

null hypothesis

definition of, 40

evaluating, 42–43, 150, 152–153, 322, 351–352

example of, 161–165, 319

null model, 228, 242, 259

numerator, 41–42

numerical data, 107–109, 114–123

O

obesity, 177–178, 182–183

observational research, 88–90

observed count, 164

observed versus predicted graph, 245

ODA (SAS OnDemand for Academics), 55–56

odds, 32–33, 181

odds ratio (OR), 94–96, 181–183, 266–267

Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP), 72

onedimensional arrays,

25

onegroup t test,

148

onesided confidence interval,

133

oneway ANOVA,

144

opensource software,

58–59

OpenStat, 59